Almost CNC equipments are working under control of special command. CNC equipment uses a word address format (letters and numbers) mostly for CNC programming. Take a look on some of CNC commands:
Coordinate system selection – N005 G54 G90 S400 M03
Rapid to XY location – N010 G00 X1. Y1.
End of program command – N050 M30
Each command is made up of CNC words. Each CNC word has a letter address and a numerical value: N010, M03 and etc. The letter address (N, S, X, Y and many others) provides information about the type of word it is:
O – Program number (Used for program identification)
N – Sequence number (Used for line identification)
G – Preparatory function
X – X axis designation
Y – Y axis designation
Z – Z axis designation
R – Radius designation
F – Feedrate designation
S – Spindle speed designation
H – Tool length offset designation
D – Tool radius offset designation
T – Tool Designation
Numerical value, in turns, provides information about word’s value. Letters and numbers tell CNC machine what to do and how to do.
So, general idea is simple:
The first, letters + numbers = command.
The second, command controls CNC machine actions.
The third, CNC machine controller will first read, interpret and execute the very first command in the program and later will continue working in sequential order.
The first command: read, interpret, execute; the second command: read, interpret, execute, and only in this order. It is clear if there is a mistake in the program, the CNC machine won’t work correctly. Programming mistake (it can be letter or numerical mistake) can have high price.
Notify, programming functions list changes for one CNC machine type to the other one. CNC user has to know all about each machine he/she works with.
